ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Extracellular vesicle-cytokine communication in diabetic kidney disease: an integrated network linking renal resident cells and macrophages.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet a model centered solely on soluble cytokines does not fully explain the cellular origin, spatially directed delivery, or sustained amplification of local signals. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) couple vesicular signaling with cytokine regulation through EV-associated cytokine or ligand signals and through RNA or protein cargo that reprograms cytokine production in recipient cells. This review examines how metabolic stress alters EV release and cargo composition, summarizes evidence for unidirectional and bidirectional communication between resident kidney cells and immune cells, and evaluates the EV specificity and evidential completeness of each donor-recipient axis. Evidence is strongest for communication between tubular epithelial cells and macrophages; findings involving podocytes, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells are largely unidirectional or inferred across studies. Under the
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.