Development and translational application of a rat-to-human PBPK model for isopropoxate to support forensic exposure reconstruction and risk assessment.

Yiling Tang, Yu Ma, Lina Zhong, Ping Xiang, Zhanying Hong, Xiaoqiang Xiang, Hui Yan

Abstract read

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Article in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yiling TangDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.

Yu MaDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.

Lina ZhongDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.

Ping XiangDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.

Zhanying HongSchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Xiaoqiang XiangDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China. xiangxq@fudan.edu.cn.

Hui YanDepartment of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China. yanh501@163.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-9165

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Isopropoxate is a new synthetic etomidate analog and emerging new psychoactive substance, posing severe public health risks due to its high abuse liability and overdose potential. Ethical constraints preclude clinical pharmacokinetic investigations, necessitating alternative mechanistic approaches. In this study, we developed the first physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for isopropoxate by integrating in vitro data of human liver microsomes and in vivo data of rats. The rat PBPK model accurately described dose-dependent plasma concentration-time profiles, with predicted-to-observed ratios remaining within the accepted two-fold range, as reflected by fold errors (FE) of 0.944-1.12 for C

Indexed as

Etomidate acidInterspecies scalingIsopropoxatePhysiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK)

Identifiers

PMID42919949

DOI10.1016/j.taap.2025.117352

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.