ArticleSpinal cord2026
Trends in gabapentinoid and opioid dispensing in individuals with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Spinal cord, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study.
objectivesOur primary objective was to examine trends in gabapentinoid, opioid, and both gabapentinoid and opioid dispensing in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) following discharge into the community.
settingCommunity (outpatient), British Columbia, Canada.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with traumatic SCI in British Columbia, Canada (2000-2021), using a validated Population Data BC cohort. Individuals were classified into four treatment groups based on outpatient dispensations within 365 days post-discharge from acute care or rehabilitation hospital: gabapentinoid-only, opioid-only, both, or neither. Primary multinomial logistic regression estimated temporal trends, adjusting for demographic and injury-level covariates. Secondary binomial logistic regression assessed opioid dispensing among individuals dispensed a gabapentinoid. Sensitivity analyses assessed concurrent gabapentinoid-opioid dispensing, defined as ≥ 7 days of overlapping medication supply.
resultsAmong 2512 individuals, 23.0% were classified as gabapentinoid-only, 18.1% opioid-only, 19.1% both, and 39.8% neither. Adjusted temporal trends between 2000 and 2021 showed that gabapentinoid-only dispensing increased (from 13.4 to 39.2%), while opioid-only and dispensing of both medications declined (from 25.2 to 7.5% and from 21.3 to 13.4%, respectively); the proportion of individuals dispensed neither medication remained stable. Among those dispensed a gabapentinoid, opioid dispensing declined from 65.0 to 26.3% (P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.
conclusionsGabapentinoid-only dispensing following SCI increased over time, while opioid-only and dispensing of both medications declined. Dispensing of both medications nevertheless remained common, supporting further research to characterize the safety and clinical implications of combined gabapentinoid and opioid use after SCI.
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Registered trials
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