Trial reportTrials2026
Effects of short foot exercises with and without blood flow restriction on Foot Posture Index, sensory organization, and center of pressure displacement in middle-aged women with flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFlexible flatfoot is a common musculoskeletal disorder in middle-aged women, causing collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, biomechanical alterations, impaired sensory organization, and increased postural instability. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of 6 weeks of short foot exercises (SFE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), sensory organization, and center of pressure (COP) displacement.
methodsIn this assessor-blinded RCT, 60 middle-aged women (35-55 years) with flexible flatfoot (FPI-6 > 6) were randomly allocated to SFE + BFR (n = 30) or SFE alone (n = 30). Both groups performed identical SFE protocols (3 sessions/week, 45 min/session for 6 weeks). The BFR group used proximal-shank cuff pressure at 40-80% limb occlusion pressure. Outcomes included FPI-6, equilibrium scores, and COP displacement in mediolateral (X) and anteroposterior (Y) axes across six Sensory Organization Test (SOT) conditions, measured via NeuroCom dynamic posturography at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed 2 × 2 × 6 ANOVA (SPSS v27, α = 0.05).
resultsAll participants completed the study with no adverse events. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in FPI-6, equilibrium scores (most SOT conditions), and COP stability (particularly Y-axis; all P < 0.05). No significant between-group differences were found for any outcome (all P > 0.05), with large within-group effect sizes (ηp
conclusionSix weeks of SFE, with or without BFR, significantly improved foot posture, sensory organization, and postural stability in middle-aged women with flexible flatfoot. Under the current protocol and within the limitations of this study, BFR did not confer additional statistically significant benefit. SFE is a safe and effective intervention for this population; its cost‑effectiveness warrants further economic evaluation.
trial registrationThe trial was prospectively registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000061327; link: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000070174 ).
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