SynthesisBMC geriatrics2026
Sarcopenia as an independent associated factor for urinary incontinence in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and urinary incontinence (UI) in adults by synthesizing evidence from observational studies.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception until April 20, 2026. Observational studies reporting the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for UI in adults with sarcopenia versus those without were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Given anticipated clinical and methodological heterogeneity across the included studies (e.g., differences in sarcopenia diagnostic criteria, UI assessment tools, and study populations), we applied a random‑effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design. Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.
resultsSeven observational studies involving 45,273 participants were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia was significantly associated with an higher odds of UI (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.41-2.60, p < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was observed (I² = 63.1%, p = 0.012), which indicates moderate between‑study variation, suggesting that the pooled estimate should be interpreted with caution and that the strength of the association may differ across study settings. In subgroup analysis by study design, the association remained significant in cross‑sectional studies (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.39-2.86, p < 0.001) but was not statistically significant in the single prospective cohort study (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.998-2.90, p = 0.051). Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses did not identify clear sources of the observed heterogeneity.
conclusionSarcopenia is significantly associated with higher odds of urinary incontinence in adults. These findings highlight the potential importance of assessing and managing sarcopenia in individuals with or at risk for UI. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to strengthen causal inference.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42919125What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.