ArticleNPJ Regenerative medicine2026
Multiscale evaluation of collagen-stimulating materials: linking physicochemical properties to dermal regeneration outcomes.
Article in NPJ Regenerative medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biostimulatory dermal fillers are widely used for skin rejuvenation, but how particle physicochemical properties regulate fibroblast-macrophage interactions and collagen remodeling remains unclear. We compared calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), spherical poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA-Sp), and irregular PLLA fragments (PLLA-Ir) through comprehensive characterization (SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, AFM, roughness, tapped density, rheology in HA matrices) along with in vitro (human dermal fibroblasts, RAW264.7 macrophages, mono- and co-culture for viability, cytoskeleton, YAP mechanotransduction, macrophage polarization, cytokines, collagen) and in vivo (rat intradermal injection) analyses. CaHA exhibited the highest surface roughness, stiffness, and tapped density with a porous nanosurface and low aggregation, whereas PCL and PLLA-Sp were smoother and more aggregated. CaHA triggered stronger fibroblast cytoskeletal organization, YAP nuclear translocation, and type I collagen-related responses. All materials promoted M2-like macrophage polarization; however, PLLA-Sp induced the greatest total collagen deposition with predominant type III collagen and persistent mixed inflammation, while CaHA led to denser, more organized collagen bundles with a higher type I/III ratio and CD206/CD68 ratio. These findings indicate that particle micro/nanotopography and local cellular microenvironment bias collagen subtype remodeling, providing a physicochemical rationale for selecting biostimulators.
Identifiers
42918797What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.