ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2026
Association Between Genetically Predicted 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in South Asians: An Exploratory Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are highly prevalent in South Asian populations. Observational studies report inverse associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and T2D risk, but these findings may reflect confounding or reverse causation. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the association between genetically predicted 25(OH)D and T2D risk in South Asians.
methodsWe conducted a two-sample MR analysis using publicly available OpenGWAS summary statistics. One variant (rs3755967) met the conventional genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10
resultsThe primary IVW analysis showed no statistically significant association between genetically predicted 25(OH)D and T2D risk (β = 0.058, SE = 0.120, p = 0.630; OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.83-1.36). Weighted-median and mode-based estimates were also non-significant. The MR-Egger estimate was highly imprecise (OR = 32.0, 95% CI: 0.11-9103) because only three instruments were available. No significant heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy was detected, although these tests had limited power. The BMI-adjusted sensitivity analysis produced similar findings.
conclusionsWe found no statistically significant evidence of a linear association between genetically predicted serum 25(OH)D and T2D risk. However, the small exposure GWAS, limited instrument set, exploratory instrument threshold, and possible sample overlap mean that small-to-moderate causal effects cannot be excluded. Larger South Asian GWAS are needed for more definitive inference.
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