ArticleBrazilian dental journal2026
Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Bioactive Glasses: Physicochemical, Antimicrobial and Bond Strength Evaluation.
Article in Brazilian dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study evaluated the pH, solubility, antimicrobial activity, and bond strength of a calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (80% calcium hydroxide and 20% zirconium oxide in polyethylene glycol 400 vehicle), evaluated alone or combined with 20% F18 bioactive glass or copper-doped F18 bioactive glass. Polyethylene tubes containing the medications were immersed in distilled water. pH (n=10) was measured after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, and solubility (n=7) was determined after 7 and 14 days. Antimicrobial activity (n=6) was assessed using a modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis and/or Candida albicans. For bond strength analysis (n=12), bovine roots were filled with the medications for 14 days and subsequently obturated with Bio-C Sealer or AH Plus. Specimens were subjected to a push-out test, and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). All formulations exhibited an alkaline pH (p>0.05). The formulation without bioactive glass showed higher solubility (p<0.05). The copper-doped bioactive glass formulation was the most effective against E. faecalis in single- and dual-species biofilms (p<0.05), whereas the formulation without bioactive glass completely eradicated C. albicans (p<0.05). Regarding bond strength, no differences were observed among groups obturated with AH Plus (p>0.05). When Bio-C Sealer was used, the F18 bioactive glass formulation exhibited the highest bond strength to dentin (p<0.05). Calcium hydroxide combined with F18 bioactive glass reduced solubility and improved the bond strength of Bio-C Sealer, whereas copper-doped bioactive glass enhanced antimicrobial performance, supporting their potential clinical applicability.
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