ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
Gut microbiota alpha-diversity and taxonomic differences between maintenance hemodialysis patients and healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeStudies comparing fecal gut microbiota between adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and healthy controls have reported inconsistent diversity and taxonomic findings.
methodsPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through February 4, 2026. Observational studies comparing fecal microbiota in adults receiving MHD with study-defined healthy controls were included. Shannon, Chao1, Simpson, and ACE indices were quantitatively pooled as standardized mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) 95% confidence intervals (CIs); observed richness measures, beta-diversity, and taxonomic findings were synthesized descriptively.
resultsFifteen studies comprising 16 datasets and 1557 participants were included. Pooled estimates did not demonstrate a consistent between-group difference for Shannon (14 datasets; SMD = -0.01, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.34; I
conclusionCurrent evidence does not demonstrate a consistent difference in pooled fecal alpha-diversity indices between MHD patients and study-defined healthy controls, but substantial between-study heterogeneity limits interpretation. The reported microbiome differences should be interpreted cautiously given the observational study designs and methodological variability. Standardized longitudinal studies are needed to clarify reported community-level and taxonomic differences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD420261299878.
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