ReviewIndian pediatrics2026
BCG at 100: The Paradox of an Indispensable Vaccine.
Review in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, in use for over a century, occupies a paradoxical position in global health. It protects infants against disseminated tuberculosis (TB) with 60-80% efficacy and reduces all-cause infant mortality through non-specific effects mediated by trained immunity. Yet it provides limited and variable protection against pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults who drive transmission. A tuberculin survey from western Uttar Pradesh documented an annual risk of TB infection of 3.5-4.1%, nearly 50 times the national target, in a predominantly BCG-vaccinated child population. This perspective addresses four fundamental questions: Has BCG become redundant for its original purpose? Can it be improved? Is it more efficacious for non-TB indications? And is it currently indispensable? The pipeline is reviewed from a pediatric prism, identifying preferred candidates for each age group. MTBVAC leads as the most promising infant BCG replacement candidate while M72/AS01E is a frontrunner for adolescents and adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42911367What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.