ArticleTissue engineering and regenerative medicine2026
Ion-Enriched Solution Improves the Adhesion of Freshly Thawed Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Supports Cartilage Repair in a Rat Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Model.
Article in Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFreshly thawed umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (FT-UC MSCs) often show reduced post-thaw functionality, limiting their use as off-the-shelf cell therapies. This study investigated whether an ion-enriched solution (IES) could improve FT-UC MSC adhesion and cartilage repair-associated outcomes.
methodsUC MSCs were categorized as cryopreserved and culture-recovered UC MSCs (CP-UC MSCs) or FT-UC MSCs. Adhesion was assessed in vitro on type I collagen and ex vivo on human osteoarthritic cartilage using saline, IES, or magnesium chloride as carriers. In vivo, rats with full-thickness cartilage defects received intra-articular injections of IES alone, CP-UC MSCs in saline, or FT-UC MSCs in IES. Cartilage repair was evaluated by ICRS macroscopic and histological scoring, immunohistochemistry, and static weight-bearing.
resultsFT-UC MSCs showed reduced proliferation, metabolic activity, and adhesion compared with CP-UC MSCs. IES significantly enhanced FT-UC MSC adhesion in vitro and ex vivo, with magnesium chloride (MgCl
conclusionFT-UC MSCs delivered with IES showed improved post-thaw adhesive function and repair-associated outcomes comparable to CP-UC MSCs delivered with saline in a rat full-thickness cartilage defect model. These findings support the potential utility of IES as a practical delivery carrier for freshly thawed UC-MSCs without an extended culture-recovery step, while further studies including an FT-UC MSCs + saline group are required to isolate the specific in vivo contribution of IES.
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