ReviewOcular oncology and pathology2026
Gold Nanoparticles in Retinoblastoma: A Promising Approach for Diagnosis and Treatment.
Review in Ocular oncology and pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children and poses a serious threat to vision and life if not diagnosed and treated early. Traditional diagnostic methods such as fundoscopy, ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer valuable structural insights but often fail to capture early molecular changes. Similarly, conventional treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and enucleation, are effective but limited by systemic toxicity and collateral damage to healthy ocular tissues. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as promising multifunctional tools in RB diagnosis and therapy. Owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and photoacoustic (PA) properties, high biocompatibility, and surface modifiability, AuNPs can be functionalized with antibodies, drugs, or nucleic acids for targeted applications. Summary: This review explores the dual role of AuNPs in RB management. Diagnostically, multifunctional AuNPs paired with Fe Key Messages: The theranostic potential of AuNPs - integrating diagnosis and treatment - makes them ideal for personalized, minimally invasive RB care. The unique anatomical challenges of the eye, including the blood-retinal barrier, limited intraocular drug penetration, and the pediatric patient population, make AuNPs very advantageous in the setting of ocular oncology, distinguishing their theranostic potential in RB from applications in other cancers. The intraocular environment enables localized delivery, imaging-guided interventions, and reduced systemic exposure. Their ability to simultaneously improve diagnosis and enable targeted therapy may support future vision-preserving, minimally invasive treatment strategies in pediatric ocular oncology. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art applications of AuNPs in RB, highlighting their emerging role in transforming both early diagnosis and effective treatment of RB.
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