ArticleRSC advances2026
Acid-induced demulsification
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated the treatment of concentrated soybean oil-in-water emulsions by acid-induced demulsification using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and by coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and alum. The impact of chemical dose, pH, and settling time was examined to determine the effectiveness of each process in oil and turbidity removal. Acid treatment reduced turbidity by 97.1% through phase separation at low pH but was not sufficient to bring residual oil below discharge standards. PAC and alum both demonstrated strong pH- and dose-dependent removal behaviors, with optimal performance at pH 7 for PAC and pH 6 for alum. Among the tested systems, the maximum removal of oil and turbidity was observed using optimized alum coagulation in a two-stage process, achieving oil removal up to 82% and turbidity removal of over 96%, which outperformed HCl and PAC, especially for high-strength emulsions. These findings identify alum-based systems as the most effective conventional choice for high-percentage oil and turbidity removal in concentrated soybean oil emulsions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.