Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42910165›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Biomimetic nanocages with cascade homing for theranostics of ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury.

Zihao Xu, Yao Wan, Yuhang Shang, Kangjie He, Chao Jiang, Gengyu Du, Yijun Zhao, Qibo Hu, Yang Zhang, Gensheng Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zihao XuDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Yao WanKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
Yuhang ShangKey Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Kangjie HeDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Chao JiangKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
Gengyu DuDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Yijun ZhaoDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Qibo HuDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Yang ZhangDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Gensheng ZhangDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Xiang YanDepartment of Urology, Pediatric Urolith Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Hangzhou, 310052, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects an estimated 13 million patients each year with a mortality of up to 1.7 million, yet current clinical management remains largely supportive and lacks etiology-directed therapy. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction in proximal tubular cells is a hallmark of AKI pathology. Inspired by the regenerative capacity of axolotls, which relies on robust mitochondrial bioenergetics, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform for treating AKI. We engineered GIPL nanoparticles comprising gold-silver nanocages loaded with the mitochondriotropic antioxidant idebenone (IDB), PEGylated for stability, and functionalized with LTH peptide for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) recognition. This design enables cascade targeting: cell-level targeting via KIM-1-mediated uptake into injured tubular epithelial cells, followed by subcellular accumulation of IDB in mitochondria.

Indexed as

Acute kidney injuryCascade targetingCT imagingGold-silver nanocagesMitochondrial dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID42910165
PMCPMC13685461

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.