ArticleKidney international reports2026
Long-Term Opioid and Gabapentinoid Related Harms in CKD.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic pain affects over half of the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between new long-term opioids or gabapentinoids and the risk of death, hospitalization, and hip fractures in adults with CKD. Methods: This is a retrospective, time-updated, population-based cohort study from the East of Scotland ( Results: A total of 30,674 adults with CKD entered the study. Of them, 21,440 patients without prevalent analgesic use were included in the primary and secondary analyses (median follow-up 4.3 years). Among 2399 patients with at least 1 continuous 90-day episode of opioid prescriptions during follow-up, 1159 died. The risk of death increased as continuous 90-day opioid stretches (reference 0) increased from 1 (absolute risk of death: 0.4% [0.3-0.4]; odds ratio [OR]: 1.09 [1.06-1.12], Conclusion: Long-term opioid use is associated with increased mortality and hospitalization in adults with CKD independent of demographics, comorbidities, and treatment allocation bias. These findings support prioritization of safer pain management strategies in people with CKD.
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