ArticleBelitung nursing journal2026
Caregiver knowledge and attitudes toward holistic family support in diabetic foot ulcer care: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia.
Article in Belitung nursing journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Family caregivers are central to home-based care for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but domain-specific knowledge gaps may shape attitudes toward holistic family support. Objective: To examine caregivers' knowledge and attitudes across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains of DFU support and identified predictors of total attitude. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 family caregivers at a tertiary referral hospital in Batam City, Indonesia, from March to July 2024. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Friedman tests, Spearman correlations, and multiple regression with robust standard errors. All statistical analyses were conducted in R version 4.5.0. Results: The mean total knowledge score was 15.42 (SD = 1.44), and the mean total attitude score was 62.13 (SD = 8.51). Knowledge was highest in the physical domain (M = 86.34%, SD = 3.17) and lowest in the psychological domain (M = 17.82%, SD = 6.67). Friedman tests showed significant differences across knowledge domains, chi-square(3) = 783.668, Conclusion: Caregiver attitudes toward holistic DFU support were strongly associated with domain-specific knowledge. Family-centered education could usefully address the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of caregivers. Nurses could consider screening for domain-specific knowledge gaps, particularly in psychological support, and offering culturally sensitive family education to strengthen caregiver readiness for home-based DFU care.
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