ReviewNanoscale advances2026
Nanocellulose-based adsorbents for water remediation: role of surface functionalisation and isocyanate chemistry.
Review in Nanoscale advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Water contamination by synthetic dyes, heavy metals, and emerging micropollutants has intensified the search for sustainable, high-performance adsorbents. Nanocellulose (NC) - available as cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrils, and bacterial nanocellulose - has become a leading bio-based platform for water remediation owing to its high specific surface area, abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and amenability to chemical modification. The performance of NC sorbents is governed largely by surface functionalisation, yet existing reviews treat the available modification chemistries unevenly. In particular, isocyanate (carbamation) chemistry is almost invariably reduced to a single entry in a list of modification methods, despite being one of the few strategies able to combine, within a single platform, covalent crosslinking, tunable surface hydrophobicity, and the introduction of orthogonal reactive handles for ligand conjugation. This review addresses that gap. After surveying NC types, preparation routes, target pollutants, and adsorbent architectures (hydrogels, membranes, and aerogels), it provides a critical, water-remediation-focused analysis of NC isocyanate chemistry: the carbamation mechanism and competing side reactions, the reactivity of aromatic
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