Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42909809›Full record

ReviewJournal of prevention (2022)2026

School-based prevention of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: mapping the evidence from adolescent prevention programs.

Bahareh Ahmadinejad, Benjamin Bonenti, Jason Ferris, Nyanda McBride, Amy Peacock, Rachel Sutherland, Leanne Hides, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Nagata, Timothy Piatkowski

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of prevention (2022), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bahareh AhmadinejadSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2214-573X
Benjamin BonentiSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Jason FerrisSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Nyanda McBrideNational Drug Research Institute, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Amy PeacockNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Rachel SutherlandNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Leanne HidesSchool of Psychology, The National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Kyle T GansonFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jason M NagataDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Timothy PiatkowskiSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. t.piatkowski@uq.edu.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adolescents are vulnerable to sociocultural influences related to body image and appearance, which may increase the risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and other image- and performance-enhancing drug (IPED) use and subsequent adverse health outcomes. School-based prevention initiatives targeting AAS use and its associated health risks may prevent the initiation and use of these substances among adolescents by educating them about the dangers, adverse effects, and risks of AAS use while promoting healthier choices. This scoping review aimed to map the characteristics, intervention components, and reported outcomes of school-based prevention programs targeting AAS and other IPED use among adolescents. Peer-reviewed English-language studies evaluating school-based prevention programs addressing AAS and IPEDs among adolescents were included. Searches were conducted through Scopus, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, ProQuest, MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycINFO, covering all eligible records published up to September 2025. Data were charted to map study characteristics, intervention types and delivery features, populations, and outcome domains assessed, with findings synthesised descriptively in line with scoping review methodology. Seventeen studies were included. Interventions mostly involved classroom-based education (70.6%) and sport- or exercise-integrated components (52.9%). Outcomes were predominantly evaluated by study-specific questionnaires (58.8%). Most studies examined knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and psychosocial outcomes, whereas fewer studies assessed behavioural outcomes, particularly actual AAS use (≤ 20%). Considerable variation was identified in intervention content, outcome measures, and follow-up periods. The available literature is heterogeneous and primarily focuses on knowledge, attitudinal, intentional, and psychosocial outcomes rather than behavioural outcomes. Future research should include more consistent outcome measures, longer follow-up periods, and greater attention to behavioural outcomes and psychosocial determinants of AAS and IPED use.

Indexed as

AdolescentsAnabolic-androgenic steroidHealth promotionImage- and performance-enhancing substancesPrevention programSchool-based intervention

Identifiers

PMID42909809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.