ArticlePlant cell reports2026
The miR319-LsTCP4 module regulates de novo shoot regeneration in lettuce.
Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
key messagemiR319-targeted LsTCP4 negatively regulates de novo shoot regeneration, suggesting a role for the miR319-LsTCP4 module in lettuce regenerative competence. Plant regeneration is a major determinant of transformation and genome-editing efficiency, yet the endogenous regulatory networks controlling regenerative competence in horticultural crops remain incompletely understood. The miR319-TCP module regulates multiple developmental processes in plants, but its function in lettuce regeneration has not been defined. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) gene family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Thirty-three LsTCP genes were identified and classified into Class I/PCF, Class II/CIN, and Class II/CYC/TB1 groups. Five CIN-class genes, LsTCP2, LsTCP3, LsTCP4, LsTCP10, and LsTCP24, were predicted as high-confidence miR319 targets and supported by degradome evidence for miR319-guided cleavage. MIR319-overexpression (OX319) explants showed enhanced de novo shoot regeneration, with regeneration efficiency increased by 67.3% and shoot production increased by 79.4% relative to WT, whereas STTM-miR319 suppression (S319) explants showed reduced regeneration, with regeneration efficiency decreased by 49.6% and shoot production decreased by 66.4%. These phenotypes were associated with altered expression of several miR319-targeted CIN-TCP genes, particularly LsTCP4, LsTCP10, and LsTCP24. Disruption of LsTCP4 increased regeneration efficiency by 61.8% and shoot production by 91.6% relative to WT, showing a regeneration-enhancing phenotype similar to that of OX319. In contrast, disruption of the non-target CIN gene LsTCP17 did not significantly affect regeneration under the tested conditions. These results support LsTCP4 as a major miR319-responsive negative regulator of de novo shoot regeneration and suggest that the miR319-LsTCP4 module contributes to regenerative competence in lettuce.
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