ArticleAIMS public health2026
Physical fitness and quality of life in Austrian adolescents post-COVID-19: A one-year longitudinal study.
Article in AIMS public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aims: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reflects adolescents' overall well-being across physical, psychological, social, and emotional dimensions. Pre-pandemic studies show positive associations between physical fitness (PF) and HRQoL, but the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced adolescents' physical activity, PF, and mental well-being. Although adolescents are consistently identified as a highly affected group, longitudinal research on the relationship between (the development of) PF and HRQoL during mid-adolescence remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between (changes in) PF and HRQoL over 12 months in upper secondary school adolescents following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: A total of 140 adolescents (54.9% female; mean age 14.3 ± 0.5 years) participated in the present longitudinal study with two data collection time points during (October 2021) and after (October 2022) the pandemic restrictions. The participants completed the KIDSCREEN-10 (KS10) questionnaire and the KIDSCREEN-27 (KS27) questionnaire - comprising physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relations, social support and peers, and school environment - and underwent the standardized German Motor Performance Test (DMT 6-18), including eight tests to assess endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, and coordination. Results: Adolescents' HRQoL did not change significantly across the study period; PF significantly improved in six out of eight DMT test items over time. In multiple regression analyses, improvements in PF test items over the 12-month period were not significantly associated with overall HRQoL (KS10) after the restrictions, whereas HRQoL during the restrictions and male sex emerged as significantly negative associated variables, with male sex being significantly associated with the overall HRQoL index (KS10) but not with any of the five specific HRQoL dimensions (KS27). Conclusion: These findings show that adolescents' HRQoL did not change significantly over the post-pandemic follow-up period, despite notable improvements in PF. These improvements alone may not be sufficient to enhance HRQoL in the aftermath of the pandemic. Instead, adolescents' baseline well-being and demographic factors such as sex appear to play a decisive role.
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