ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Nationwide Q Fever Hospitalizations in Italy, 2014-2023: Evidence of Underrecognition and a Sardinian Hotspot.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Method: We conducted a nationwide retrospective study using the Italian National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospitalizations with ICD-9-CM code 083.0 as primary or secondary diagnosis were included. We calculated hospitalization rates by age, sex, and region and described clinical characteristics. We linked hospitalizations with climatic, livestock, and land-use data; for Sardinia, we fitted Bayesian spatial regression models including bovine, ovine, and caprine density, temperature, precipitation, and land use. Results: We identified 428 hospitalizations (67% male), corresponding to a rate of 0.07 per 100 000 person-years. Rates were highest in children and older adults. The overall case fatality ratio was 2.4%. The most frequent Q fever-related concomitant diagnosis was pneumonia. Sardinia had the highest case count and adjusted hospitalization rate, 7-fold the national rate (0.55 vs 0.07). Spatial models for Sardinia showed hotspots in the north of the island and a 12% increase in spatial hospitalization risk per 10 bovine heads/km Conclusions: Q fever causes an underrecognized burden of hospitalizations in Italy, with marked regional heterogeneity and a Sardinian hotspot associated with high cattle density areas. Clinical awareness, surveillance, and One Health interventions are warranted in high-risk areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.