Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42909155›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

AI-driven environmental performance index using deep autoencoders for monitoring sustainable development goals.

Abbas Khan, Li Shuangjie, Abdulrahman Alomair, Naif Almusallam, Zia Ur Rehman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abbas KhanInternational Business School, Jilin International Studies University, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
Li ShuangjieCollege of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
Abdulrahman AlomairDepartement of Management Information Systems, Business School, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Naif AlmusallamDepartement of Management Information Systems, Business School, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Zia Ur RehmanBusiness School, Shanghai Jian Qiao University, No. 1111 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study develops an autoencoder-based environmental performance index (AE_EPI) to assess environmental performance across 38 countries in five regions. Using a deep autoencoder, AE_EPI captures complex nonlinear relationships in high-dimensional, multi-region data and is benchmarked against a principal component analysis-based index (PCA_EPI). Linear Regression, Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost, combined with SHAP analysis, are used to identify key environmental drivers. Results show that AE_EPI outperforms PCA_EPI in reconstruction accuracy, stability, and robustness to noise, while RF yields the most consistent predictions. Globally, electricity access and renewable energy are the dominant drivers. Regionally, governance and innovation are most important in East Asia; urbanization in South Asia; renewable energy in Central Asia; digitalization in MENA; and economic capacity, electricity access, and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. These findings support region-specific, data-driven policies that advance energy transitions, strengthen institutional capacity, and address local environmental priorities for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Indexed as

autoencoderdeep learningenvironmental performance indexenvironmental policyrandom forestSHapley Additive exPlanations SHAPsustainable development goals SDGs

Identifiers

PMID42909155
PMCPMC13683873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.