Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42909139›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Spatial organization of neutrophil and macrophage populations in surgically treated hepatocellular carcinoma: a practical tissue-based immunophenotyping study.

Konstantinos Arvanitakis, Christos Topalidis, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Eirini Giannousi, Georgios Kalopitas, Antonios Chatzigeorgiou, Georgios Katsanos, Anastasia Maria Natsi, Ioannis Mitroulis, Stella Arelaki and 6 more

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Konstantinos ArvanitakisDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Christos TopalidisDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Vasileios PapadopoulosLaboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Eirini GiannousiDepartment of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Georgios KalopitasDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Antonios ChatzigeorgiouDepartment of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Georgios KatsanosDepartment of Transplantation Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Anastasia Maria NatsiLaboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Ioannis MitroulisLaboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Stella ArelakiDepartment of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Chrysoula GoutaDepartment of Pathology, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evangelia KatsikiDepartment of Pathology, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Prodromos HytiroglouDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgios TsoulfasDepartment of Transplantation Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Triantafyllia KoletsaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgios GermanidisDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a spatially heterogeneous immune microenvironment, but the compartment-specific distribution of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and its relationship with systemic inflammation remain incompletely defined. This study characterized CD177-defined neutrophil populations and other immune components across HCC tissue compartments and examined their associations with peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Methods: Paired tumor center (TC), tumor margin/interface (IM), and adjacent non-neoplastic liver (NNL) specimens from 28 patients with HCC were analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative immunohistochemistry. Total neutrophil elastase-positive (NE Results: Total NE Conclusions: HCC exhibits marked spatial myeloid heterogeneity, characterized by neutrophil enrichment in tumor-associated compartments, compartmental differences in CD177-defined populations, and compartment-specific macrophage polarization. These findings, generated using a practical tissue-based immunophenotyping approach applicable to routinely processed specimens, warrant validation in larger mechanistic studies.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsMacrophagesNeutrophilsAdultAgedAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticFemaleGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansImmunophenotypingIsoantigensMaleMiddle AgedReceptors, Cell SurfaceAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticCD177 protein, humanGPI-Linked ProteinsIsoantigensReceptors, Cell SurfaceCD177hepatocellular carcinomaneutrophil heterogeneityspatial immunophenotypingtumor-associated neutrophilstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42909139
PMCPMC13683775

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.