ArticleAnnals of neurosciences2026
Cardiovascular Autonomic Function and HRV in Healthy Adults of Rajasthan: A Cross-sectional Study on the Influence of Age and Gender.
Article in Annals of neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) serve as non-invasive clinical indicators of central autonomic network function and cardiovagal regulation. Purpose: This study aimed to establish regional normative reference values for HRV and CART parameters in healthy adults from northwestern India to evaluate the modulating effects of age, biological sex and subclinical cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 142 healthy subjects (74 males, 68 females) aged 18-70 years. Baseline vital signs and time-domain HRV parameters (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)) were recorded. Autonomic reactivity was assessed using deep breathing (expiration-to-inspiration (E:I) ratio), the Valsalva manoeuvre, isometric handgrip and orthostatic challenge. A high-risk sub-cohort ( Results: The total study sample comprised 142 participants, including 74 males (52.1%) and 68 females (47.9%). The high-risk subset comprised 11 males (52.4%) and 10 females (47.6%). Resting heart rate was higher in females (74.6 ± 8.2 bpm) than in males (70.1 ± 7.6 bpm; Conclusion: Healthy adults exhibit an age-related decline in parasympathetic function and a female-specific cardiovagal advantage. Subclinical cardiometabolic risk factors override these physiological buffers, blunting gender-related protection and accelerating autonomic senescence.
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