ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
A predictive multiphysics framework for optimizing focused ultrasound-assisted immune checkpoint blockade.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers in solid tumors remains limited by the physical and biological barriers posed by the tumor microenvironment, which restrict antibody transport and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Focused ultrasound has emerged as a promising strategy to transiently enhance tumor perfusion, thereby improving the intratumoral delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. Despite encouraging experimental findings, a quantitative understanding of the coupled transport and immune mechanisms underlying focused ultrasound-enhanced immunotherapy remains incomplete. Here, we developed a multiphysics computational model to investigate how focused ultrasound modulates the tumor microenvironment, enhances the delivery of immune checkpoint blockers and influences innate and adaptive immune responses in solid tumors. Model predictions were validated against published
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