ArticleFrontiers in reproductive health2026
Fertility in Ethiopia: factors associated with the number of live births -a survey-adjusted poisson regression analysis of the 2019 ethiopian mini demographic and health survey.
Article in Frontiers in reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Fertility is a key demographic and public health phenomenon reflecting actual childbearing within a population. It can be characterized using several measures, including total fertility rate, age-specific fertility rates, children ever born, and the number of births occurring within a defined reference period. These measures capture different dimensions of reproductive experience and are associated with a complex interplay of socioeconomic, demographic, cultural, biological, and policy-related factors. Methods: By dividing the nine regions into urban and rural categories, twenty-one sampling strata were created. The survey employed a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. In the first stage, 305 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected from the national sampling frame using probability proportional to size. A total of 8,885 women were included in the descriptive analysis, while the primary multivariable analysis was restricted to 6,585 ever-married/partnered women. A survey-adjusted Poisson regression model was used to examine associations between explanatory variables and the number of live births during the five years preceding the survey. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-sided Result and conclusion: The mean age of the participants was 27.6 years. More than four-fifths of women had either no formal education (40.4%) or primary education (41.7%). Compared with women aged 15-19 years, the expected number of recent live births was higher among women aged 20-24 years (aIRR = 2.129, 95% CI: 1.759-2.577). Women residing in Amhara had a lower expected number of recent live births than women residing in Tigray (aIRR = 0.765, 95% CI: 0.658-0.890). Lower expected counts were also observed in Addis Ababa (aIRR = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.684-0.979) and Dire Dawa (aIRR = 0.792, 95% CI: 0.659-0.952). An inverse association was observed between household wealth and recent live-birth counts. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of recent live births in Ethiopia and suggest that fertility patterns are associated with a combination of individual, household, and contextual factors. These insights may help inform evidence-based reproductive health and family planning policies tailored to the Ethiopian context.
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