Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42908902›Full record

Trial reportOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Long-term Effectiveness, Treatment Persistence, and Timing of Virological Failure With Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in Real-World HIV Care: RELATIVITY Cohort.

Luis Buzón, Noemí Cabello-Clotet, María Luisa Montes, María José Galindo, Rosa María Martínez, Mireia Santacreu, María Remedios-Alemán, Miguel Torralba, Francisco Fanjul, Manuel Gutiérrez-Cuadra and 42 more

Abstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

52 authors.

Luis BuzónInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-8014
Noemí Cabello-ClotetInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-554X
María Luisa MontesInfectious Diseases Division, HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-813X
María José GalindoInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-4071
Rosa María MartínezInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
Mireia SantacreuInfectious Diseases Division, HIV Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
María Remedios-AlemánInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Miguel TorralbaInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-7405
Francisco FanjulInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-0330
Manuel Gutiérrez-CuadraInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
Adrián RodríguezInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de les Illes Balears, Hospital Universitario Son Llátzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
María José CrusellsInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-6592
María NavarroInfectious Diseases Department, Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.
María Aguilera-GarcíaInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Carmen Hidalgo-TenorioInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
Luis Enrique MoranoInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-3260
David VinuesaInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
Enrique Bernal-MorellInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain.
Carlos de AndrésInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Dénia-Marina Salud, Alicante, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-8934
Hadrián PernasInfectious Diseases Division, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-9130
Juan TiraboschiInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-873X
Alejandro BendalaInternal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7705-2656
María Jesús VivancosInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-6011
Cristina DíezInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-9979
Guillermo SoriaInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9069-9777
Desiré PérezInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario San Agustín, Avilés, Spain.
Mireia CairóInfectious Diseases Department, HIV Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.
Alberto RomeroInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Rebeca CaboInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
Josefa SolerInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain.
María Antonia SepúlvedaInfectious Diseases Division, Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
Joaquín BravoInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-0305
Cristina EscrichInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain.
Eva FerreiraInternal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial de Segovia, Segovia, Spain.
Beatriz ValentínInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.
Magdalena MuelasInternal Medicine, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-4191
Ana Lucas-DatoInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Comarcal de la Vega Baja, Alicante, Spain.
Albert GómezInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital de Santa Caterina de Salt, Girona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8910-0062
Ana CerezalesInternal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Doctor José Molina Orosa, Las Palmas, Spain.
Juan Emilio LosaInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-0185
José SanzInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-184X
Mar MasíaInfectious Diseases Division, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain.
Juan José Corte-GarcíaPharmacy Department, Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.
Ana AntolíInternal Medicine, Complejo Universitario Asistencial de Ávila, Ávila, Spain.
Juan Carlos GainzarainInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0279-2281
Miriam EstébanezInfectious Diseases Division, NRBQ Unit, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain.
Patricia BarragánInternal Medicine, Hospital Residencia Sant Camil, Sant Pere de Ribes, Barcelona, Spain.
Marta ClaveroInfectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain.
Óscar FerreroInfectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-3788
Jesús TroyaInfectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-114X
RELATIVITY Cohort
RELATIVITY Cohort

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB + RPV LA) is an established maintenance option for virologically suppressed people with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), but long-term real-world persistence and virological failure (VF) data remain limited. Methods: RELATIVITY is an ongoing nationwide ambispective multicenter cohort of adults with HIV who switched from suppressive oral antiretroviral therapy to CAB + RPV LA in routine care in Spain. Data through 1 March 2026 were analyzed. The outcomes were virological suppression, treatment persistence, protocol-defined VF, and time to discontinuation-related events. Virological failure was defined as 2 consecutive HIV-1 RNA values ≥200 copies/mL or 1 value ≥500 copies/mL prompting discontinuation. Results: Among 3349 participants, 3343 had valid follow-up dates; the median follow-up was 25.1 months (19.3-30.8). Virological suppression was documented in 3197/3349 (95.5%) overall and 3197/3309 (96.6%) with an evaluable closest viral load; 40 (1.2%) lacked an evaluable value. Injection adherence was ≥90% in 3257/3280 (99.3%) evaluable participants. Overall, 2979/3349 (89.0%) remained on CAB + RPV LA. Virological failure occurred in 28/3349 (0.8%); 20/28 (71.4%) occurred within the first 12 months after switching. Emergent integrase strand transfer inhibitor and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance was detected in 19/28 VF cases, and 24/28 achieved virological suppression after switching to oral therapy. Treatment-limiting injection-site reactions and systemic adverse events occurred in 2.4% and 1.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine showed high virological suppression and persistence beyond 2 years in routine care. Virological failure was uncommon and clustered mainly within 12 months, supporting early virological monitoring and prompt resistance-guided management.

Indexed as

cabotegravirHIVlong-acting injectablerilpivirinevirological failure

Identifiers

PMID42908902
PMCPMC13683463

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.