ArticleBMC pediatrics2026
Persian version of the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-pediatric lower urinary tract symptoms caregiver module: translation, validation and cultural adaptation.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCurrently, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-CLUTS), a well-established tool for assessing LUTS in children, is not available in Persian. This study aims to translate and validate this tool for Persian-speaking caregivers.
methodsThe ICIQ-CLUTS was translated and validated following ICIQ recommendations. The final version was self-administered by 67 caregivers of children aged 5 to 9 years. The study was conducted between June and November 2024. A concise clinical diagnosis of LUTS was used as a diagnostic reference. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC) were computed to assess the reliability. Construct validity was measured through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by principal component analysis (PCA) using varimax rotation. Discriminative validity was measured using ROC analysis and diagnostic accuracy metrics.
resultsOf the total 67 participants, 32 were cases. Internal consistency was good (α = 0.768), and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.983). Standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were 0.53 and 1.46, respectively. EFA found three factors-urgency, incontinence and bladder control, and voiding and bowel dysfunction-accounting for 72.1% of the variance. The questionnaire demonstrated excellent discriminative capability (AUC = 0.917, 95% CI: 0.848-0.986). Additionally, 75% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 88.1% accuracy were obtained for a cut-off point of 15.5.
conclusionICIQ-CLUTS-Pe is psychometrically sound and culturally adapted to discriminate LUTS among Persian-speaking caregivers. The tool is validated to effectively quantify symptom severity and monitor treatment response in both clinical and research settings.
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