Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42907585›Full record

ArticleParasitology research2026

Blood, ink, and flies: A case report on the house fly (Musca domestica) feeding on active tattooing wounds.

Patrick Klüber, Niklas Hetz

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Parasitology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Patrick KlüberFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Ohlebergsweg 12, Giessen, 35392, Germany. patrick.klueber@ime.fraunhofer.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-5676
Niklas HetzFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Ohlebergsweg 12, Giessen, 35392, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4169-9547

Funding

LOEWE - Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz, Förderlinie 3: KMU-Verbundvorhaben 2200/26-09
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cases of adventitious feeding on humans by non-hematophagous insects hold significant medical relevance, yet their occurrence during active body art procedures remains undocumented. This case report describes a persistent instance of opportunistic exsudatophagy by the house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae), during a tattooing session on a healthy 32-year-old male client in Germany. Over a four-hour timeframe, four adult house flies entered the ground-floor studio through doors and windows opened for summer cross-ventilation. The insects exhibited highly persistent landing and feeding attempts directly on the freshly wounded tissue of the right lower leg, actively drinking a matrix of blood, plasma, and tattoo ink. Attraction intensified significantly once large-scale shading expanded the exuding epidermal surface area. Effective mechanical repulsion was heavily restricted by the client's enforced immobility required to ensure precise tattoo application. Following a routine aftercare protocol, the lesion healed completely without secondary bacterial infection. This report highlights a neglected hygienic hazard where the saprophagous and coprophilic ecology of synanthropic filth flies poses a mechanical vector risk for dermal pathogen inoculation, emphasizing the necessity of simple vector control strategies in tattooing facilities.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorHousefliesTattooingAnimalsGermanyHumansMaleBody artDermal infection riskExsudatophagyMechanical vectorPathogen transmissionWound hygiene

Identifiers

PMID42907585
PMCPMC13687242

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.