Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42907583›Full record

ArticleNature immunology2026

A single-cell atlas of human neutrophils reveals neutrophil heterogeneity across health and disease.

Hong Zheng, Evan Maestri, Andrew R Moore, Ananthakrishnan Ganesan, Jeanna Enriquez, Verónica Durán, Shirit Einav, Tom van der Poll, Hjalmar R Bouma, Mihir R Atreya and 17 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Hong ZhengInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-8211
Evan MaestriStanford Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-1444
Andrew R MooreDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-2576
Ananthakrishnan GanesanInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jeanna EnriquezStanford Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Verónica DuránDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shirit EinavDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-4171
Tom van der PollCenter of Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-5079
Hjalmar R BoumaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Mihir R AtreyaDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Philip A EfronSepsis and Critical Illness Research Center and the SPIES Consortium, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Lyle L MoldawerSepsis and Critical Illness Research Center and the SPIES Consortium, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Jonathan SevranskyDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
David W WrightDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-9105
Ignacio Martin-LoechesDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Thomas Karvunidis1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teaching Hospital and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Jeremiah HinsonDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David N HagerDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Richard E RothmanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-3911
Timothy E SweeneyInflammatix Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-1093
Angela J RogersDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-6200
Saurabh GombarAtropos Health, New York, NY, USA.
Manoj V MaddaliDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jonathan H ChenDivision of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nigam ShahDivision of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-7158
Purvesh KhatriInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. pkhatri@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-4708

Funding

Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID) 1R01AI17812101Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID) 2U19AI057229-21Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID) U19AI167903U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 5T32HL129970
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, have multifaceted roles in health and disease. Here we assembled a single-cell atlas of human neutrophils (SCAHN) by integrating transcriptome data from 1 million human neutrophils from 781 samples and 43 independent datasets. Using SCAHN, we identified multiple neutrophil subsets with distinct functions across tissues and robust changes in gene expression and subset proportions in infection, cancer, immune suppression and sex differences at single-cell resolution. Cross-species reference mapping of mouse and nonhuman primate neutrophils onto SCAHN revealed both conserved and species-specific features. Using 17,023 bulk blood transcriptome profiles from 40 datasets, we found that neutrophil-specific signatures predicted mortality in acutely ill patients at presentation, were associated with cancer diagnosis and survival, and correlated with metabolic dysfunction and long-term all-cause mortality. Our study highlights how neutrophil biology can improve immune risk stratification and develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Identifiers

PMID42907583

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.