ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2026
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Malnutrition Among Children Under Six Years of Age in Vietnam's Poor Districts.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Despite progress in improving nutritional status in Vietnam, persistent disparities among ethnic minority populations and children in poor districts remain, underscoring the need for context-specific evidence to inform equitable nutrition policies. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among children under 6 years of age in poor districts of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 7747 children aged 0-71 months and their mothers from ten poor districts selected through multistage random sampling. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional status were classified following WHO protocols. Survey-adjusted logistic regression accounting for clustering by district and commune examined factors associated with stunting, underweight, wasting, and overweight. Nearly half of households were classified as poor (48.8%), and access to improved water and sanitation was limited. Ethnic minorities comprised 92.3% of participants, namely Hmong, Dao, Thai, and Ra Glai. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and overweight was 40.1%, 21.4%, 5.7%, and 3.0%, respectively, with stunting exceeding high public-health-significance thresholds in all 10 districts. Substantial ethnic disparities were observed, with Hmong (aOR = 2.74) and Ra Glai (aOR = 2.11) children showing markedly higher odds of stunting than Kinh children, and Ra Glai children uniquely at higher risk of wasting (aOR = 3.27) and coexistence of stunting-wasting (aOR = 8.47). Fewer than four antenatal care visits, low birthweight (< 2500 g), male sex, and older age were independently associated with higher odds of stunting and/or underweight, while birthweight ≥ 3000 g was protective. Child undernutrition remains highly prevalent in Vietnam's poor districts and is marked by persistent ethnic, geographic, and biological disparities, underscoring the need for targeted, equity-focused nutrition interventions in this population.
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