ReviewMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2026
Macrophage polarization and non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis.
Review in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, with incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise worldwide. By 2040, CRC cases are projected to reach 3.2 million, driven by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While the molecular mechanisms of CRC have been extensively studied, increasing evidence highlights the critical role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Recent research reveals that ncRNAs not only influence tumor cell behavior but also modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly by regulating tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization. The balance between pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages profoundly affects CRC progression and treatment response. Dysregulated ncRNAs, such as miR-934, lncRNA RPPH1, and circPLCE1, promote M2 polarization and metastasis via PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and STAT3 signaling pathways, while others like miR-195-5p and lncRNA GAS5 favor M1 polarization and inhibit tumor growth. These molecules act through diverse mechanisms, including exosomal transfer, ceRNA interactions, and transcriptional regulation, forming intricate communication networks between CRC cells and immune components. Understanding these ncRNA-mediated pathways provides novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention, enhancing immunotherapy efficacy, and improving diagnostic precision through circulating exosomal ncRNA biomarkers. Collectively, targeting ncRNA-regulated macrophage polarization holds promise for developing next-generation precision therapies and advancing immunomodulatory strategies in CRC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.