ArticleCurrent microbiology2026
Genomic Exploration of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Raoultella species: Diversity and Architecture.
Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems are adaptive immune mechanisms that protect bacteria against invading mobile genetic elements. They can influence horizontal gene transfer, phage resistance, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dynamics. Although these systems have been investigated in several Klebsiella species, information on historically defined Raoultella species remains limited. In this study, 103 complete genomes representing Raoultella species, currently placed within the broader Klebsiella lineage, were analyzed to characterize the distribution, architecture, and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas loci were identified using CRISPRCasFinder and CRISPRone, followed by subtype classification, direct repeat and leader sequence analyses, spacer matching, Cas1-based phylogenetic analysis, and AMR determinant screening. Complete CRISPR-Cas systems were detected in 23 genomes, predominantly in R. ornithinolytica strains. All complete systems were chromosomally located, whereas plasmid-associated orphan CRISPR arrays were observed in selected R. ornithinolytica strains. Two major architectures were identified, with Type I-E being dominant and Type I-F restricted to fewer strains. Direct repeat analysis revealed six consensus sequences, while leader regions displayed conserved AT-rich motifs and strain-specific divergence. Spacer analyses suggested historical interactions with phages and plasmids, particularly mobile genetic elements associated with Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae. Cas1 phylogeny showed subtype-dependent clustering, indicating that CRISPR-Cas evolution does not strictly follow core genome phylogeny. The coexistence of predicted CRISPR-Cas loci and AMR determinants indicates that the presence of these loci does not necessarily preclude the carriage of resistance determinants. Overall, this study expands current knowledge of CRISPR-Cas diversity among the analyzed Raoultella genomes and provides a genomic framework for future functional studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42905297What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.