Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42904200›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Protocol for fabricating immune-regulatory bone organoids via plant-based bioinks.

Tianhao Wang, Gan Gao, Xiaoxu Zhang, Kaifeng Huo, Chenglong Liu, Zhen Geng, Long Bai, Hao Zhang, Han Liu, Ke Xu and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Tianhao WangOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Gan GaoOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Xiaoxu ZhangOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Kaifeng HuoDepartment of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Chenglong LiuOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Zhen GengOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Long BaiOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Hao ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Han LiuOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Ke XuOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Yuxiao LaiCentre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Jianhua WangDepartment of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Yingying JingOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Chongru HeDepartment of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Guangchao WangDepartment of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Jiacan SuOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Xiaoxiang RenOrganoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone organoids offer three-dimensional systems for studying skeletal development, disease, and regeneration. However, many existing bone organoid systems do not adequately incorporate immune-regulatory cues, despite their central role in bone repair. Their translational potential is further limited by the use of animal-derived matrices such as Matrigel, which are xenogeneic, poorly defined, and subject to batch-to-batch variation. To address these limitations, we developed a Matrigel-free and exogenous cytokine-free bioink composed of Aloe vera gel (AV), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and Laponite. This formulation supports the fabrication of immune-regulatory bone organoids by providing both a printable extracellular matrix-like scaffold and intrinsic immune-regulatory signals.

Indexed as

3D bioprintingAloe verabone organoidsimmune modulationmacrophage polarization

Identifiers

PMID42904200
PMCPMC13682476

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.