ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify candidate genes and transcriptional regulators associated with triterpenoid saponin accumulation in developing
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Methods: We performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses on fruits of the Results: We identified 473 terpenoid metabolites, of which 56 triterpenoid saponins were tentatively identified (Metabolomics Standards Initiative Level 2), comprising cucurbitane-type (44.6%), oleanane-type (53.6%), and ursane-type (1.8%). Total saponin content decreased significantly from 10 DPA to 15 DPA, with 27 individual triterpenoid saponins showing significant downregulation. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3,291 differentially expressed genes, including 50 candidate genes potentially involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. Candidate structural genes ( Conclusion: This study provides a systematic overview of the metabolic decline of triterpenoid saponins in bitter gourd at 15 DPA compared to 10 DPA, identifies a suite of candidate structural genes and transcription factors and constructs a preliminary co-expression regulatory network as an exploratory analysis. These findings offer new insights into the transcriptional regulation of triterpenoid saponin accumulation in bitter gourd and lay a molecular foundation for future metabolic engineering and quality improvement. However, the proposed regulatory relationships are primarily correlative and require further genetic and biochemical validation.
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