ReviewRoyal Society open science2026
Advanced oxidation processes for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous media: evidence gaps, mechanistic insights and emerging directions.
Review in Royal Society open science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) remains a relevant aquatic contaminant because parent-compound disappearance does not imply mineralization, detoxification or treatment readiness. This systematic review synthesizes recent evidence on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and closely related chemically coupled routes for aqueous 2,4-D treatment. Records from Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar within a documented 2020-2025 review window were screened using explicit eligibility criteria and assessed with an evidence-completeness rubric covering key reporting domains for cross-study comparison. The final corpus comprised 204 studies across photocatalytic/photo-assisted, electrochemical/electro-Fenton, Fenton-type, sulfate-radical, ozone-based, sonochemical, plasma-assisted and hybrid systems. Parent 2,4-D removal or analytical confirmation was reported in 202 studies, while carbon-based mineralization or organic-load evidence was reported in 116, transformation products in 95, residual toxicity in 27, real-water validation in 67 and reactor-scale or transferability information in 37. These patterns show stronger evidence for parent-compound disappearance than for treatment completeness, residual hazard and transferability. No AOP family was universally superior across removal, mineralization, toxicity reduction, matrix robustness, energy demand, durability and scale readiness. Future studies should standardize reporting of mineralization, transformation products, toxicity, energy boundaries, leaching, durability and reactor descriptors.
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