ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Problematic smartphone use and academic procrastination over an academic year: a four-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel study of Chinese undergraduates.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and academic procrastination (AP) are reliably correlated among university students, but the evidence base is almost entirely cross-sectional, and the only existing longitudinal study tested a single direction using a model that cannot separate stable trait-like co-occurrence from genuine within-person dynamics. This study used a four-wave Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to test both directions of within-person prediction simultaneously in a sample of Chinese undergraduates (
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