ArticleAnnals of medicine2026
Temporal trends in incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in Southern Denmark from 2009 to 2022: a retrospective population-based cohort study.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesPyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) is a severe infection with increasing incidence. We aimed to describe long-term population-based temporal trends in incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, microbiology, and outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study including 1,017 adults with multidisciplinary team-verified PVO diagnosed at a tertiary infectious diseases referral centre in the Region of Southern Denmark between 2009 and 2022. Incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person-years (PY) were calculated using regional population data and compared across three calendar periods (2009-2013, 2014-2018, 2019-2022). Temporal changes in clinical characteristics, microbiology, diagnostic strategies, and outcomes were assessed.
resultsIn total, 1,017 patients were included. The crude IR increased from 4.7 per 100,000 PY in 2009-2013 to 11.0 in 2019-2022, with the largest increase among patients aged ≥70 years. Mean age and comorbidity burden rose over time. Pain was common, fever was often absent, and neurological deficits occurred in 33.5% (
conclusionsThe incidence of PVO increased markedly from 2009 to 2022, predominantly in older patients with comorbidities. Despite improved diagnostics, microbiologically-negative cases remain frequent. Mortality remained high and increased over time.
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