Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42902100›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

Optimization of Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever Specifications for Pressure Measurement in Biological Tissues.

Noa H deHaseth, Alejandro Penarredonda, Gabriela Orlando, Mauro Infante, Omar Garcia Rodriguez, Vincent T Moy, O'Rese J Knight, Noel M Ziebarth

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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noa H deHasethDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
Alejandro PenarredondaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Gabriela OrlandoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
Mauro InfanteDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
Omar Garcia RodriguezDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
Vincent T MoyDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
O'Rese J KnightDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Noel M ZiebarthDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, 33146, USA. nziebarth@miami.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5959-4454

Funding

Novel Approach to 24-hr IOP AssessmentR01EY036103 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI O'Rese J Knight, NOEL Marysa ZIEBARTH · 2025 to 2026
$1.4M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY036103NEI NIH HHS R01EY036103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAtomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is an established technique to measure the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. Measurements are based on force interactions between cantilever and sample. These measurements can be influenced by the underlying substrate. Published literature has utilized this phenomenon to measure the turgor pressure of eukaryotic cells through the cell membrane. The purpose of the current study was to determine how to increase measurement sensitivity of pressure in larger-scale biological tissues, specifically intraocular pressure.

methodsAFM was used to measure pressurized artificial corneas. Tipless and tipped cantilevers were used to acquire measurements of Young's modulus of elasticity and apparent stiffness over the pressure range: 15, 25, and 35 mmHg to represent normal, elevated, and uncontrolled IOP.

resultsIn this study, fourteen tipless cantilevers and eight modified cantilevers were tested to determine which cantilever parameters best measured the pressure beneath the tissue. The parameters evaluated were spring constant, indenter tip radius, and effective working length. Spring constant had a more pronounced effect on apparent stiffness than any other parameter examined for both unmodified and modified cantilevers. For modified cantilevers, the ratio of working length to indenter radius enhances the bottom-substrate effect, with lower ratios being more advantageous.

conclusionThe results of this study suggest that AFM could be used to quantify pressure beneath biological tissues, but care must be taken to select a cantilever with appropriate specifications.

Indexed as

Atomic force microscopyCantilever specificationForce spectroscopyIntraocular pressureTissue pressure

Identifiers

PMID42902100

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.