ArticleAntonie van Leeuwenhoek2026
Chitinase biosynthesis and antifungal chitin bioconversion by Streptomyces mutabilis Ssg through statistical optimisation: an agro-industrial waste valorisation approach.
Article in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chitin valorisation through enzymatic bioconversion offers a sustainable route for converting biowastes into value-added bioactive products. In this study, the chitinolytic strain Ssg, showing close phylogenetic affinity with Streptomyces mutabilis, was evaluated for chitinase production in a waste-integrated submerged fermentation system based on crustacean-derived colloidal chitin and supplemented with date seed and orange-peel powders as low-cost co-substrates. The isolate showed a high chitinolytic index of 17.20 ± 0.70. Plackett-Burman screening identified substrate composition and incubation time as key determinants of chitinase production, while Box-Behnken optimisation revealed significant interaction effects and identified the best-performing combination. At 10 g/L date seed powder, 4.08 g/L orange peel powder, and 72 h of incubation, chitinase activity reached 3196 ± 1.73 U/mL, closely matching the predicted value of 3198.01 U/mL. Optimisation increased enzyme production 7.6-fold and reduced fermentation time from 6 days to 72 h. Specific activity also increased from 4870 ± 170 to 13,620 ± 105 U/mg, reflecting stronger chitinolytic performance of the optimised preparation. Both the Optimised Cell-Free Supernatant and the crude chitin hydrolysate exhibited comparable antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Fusarium sp., with a slight advantage for the hydrolysate. The strongest response was observed against Fusarium sp. with the crude chitin hydrolysate, showing an inhibition zone of 24.00 ± 1.00 mm and mycelial growth inhibition of 38.75%. Microscopic observations revealed hyphal deformation and structural disorganisation. Overall, this study establishes a waste-integrated strategy for high-level chitinase production and supports the potential of the Ssg system for chitin bioconversion and biocontrol-oriented applications.
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