ArticleBDJ open2026
Effect of chemical surface pretreatments on microtensile bond strength of resin composite to dentin when using universal adhesives: a systematic review of laboratory studies.
Article in BDJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of different chemical pretreatments of sound dentin on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of resin composite to dentin.
methodsA comprehensive online search was performed across four electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane libraries to identify relevant studies, followed by screening based on established eligibility criteria. In vitro studies examining the effect of chemical pretreatment on the microtensile bond strength of sound dentin to resin composite were included. Only English studies published from 2013 until February 10, 2026 were considered. Studies that used animal teeth, focused on carious, sclerotic, or desensitized dentin, or assessed mechanical or laser pretreatments were excluded. The protocol followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261299181). Selected studies underwent a risk-of-bias analysis.
resultsA total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across the included studies, microtensile bond strength results revealed that certain chemical pretreatments can significantly enhance immediate bond strength as well as maintain long-term bond durability. Pretreatment with 50% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone wet-bonding, glutaraldehyde desensitizers, and copper-based (Cu-P) pretreatments significantly increased µTBS of the majority of dental adhesives and preserved their long-term stability. Selective dentin etching (SDE) for 3 seconds, along with glycolic acid and zirconium oxynitrate (ZON) etchants, yielded significantly higher immediate bond strengths than traditional 15-second phosphoric acid etching. In cases of blood contamination, grape seed extract and hesperidin collagen cross-linkers restored bond strength to nearly uncontaminated control levels. Conversely, silver-based solutions significantly reduced µTBS, and limonene had no significant effect on bond strength.
conclusionSeveral chemical pretreatments, including selective dentin etching, solvent-based pretreatments, copper-based (Cu-P) pretreatments, glutaraldehyde desensitizers, and collagen cross-linkers, enhanced the bond strength of universal adhesives to sound dentin.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.