Trial reportJournal of diabetes and its complications2026
Association of continuous glucose monitoring metrics with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes: Data from the GRADE-CGM substudy.
Trial report in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
aimsWe compared associations of CGM-derived time in range (TIR) and glucose management indicator (GMI) vs. HbA1c with CVD and eGFR decline in type 2 diabetes.
methodsWe studied 1363 participants with ≥10-day blinded CGM in the GRADE-CGM Substudy. Exposures were TIR and GMI, with HbA1c as comparator. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for the composite of any CVD or all-cause death. Linear mixed-effects models estimated eGFR slope. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, treatment group, diabetes duration, and baseline eGFR, then mutually adjusted each CGM metric with HbA1c.
resultsOver median 2.3 years, 74 CVD or death occurred, eGFR slope was -2.37 mL/min/1.73m
conclusionsIn type 2 diabetes, GMI and HbA1c were comparably associated with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, whereas TIR was associated with cardiovascular outcomes only.
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