ArticleCanadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada2026
Authorship trends in urology literature A bibliometric analysis by gender.
Article in Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe increasing entry of women into urology underscores the need to evaluate academic representation and characterize ongoing disparities within the specialty. This study provides a comprehensive global assessment of gender representation in urologic literature over time by study design, journal type, and geographic region.
methodsAll PubMed database abstracts under "Urology"[MeSH] or "Urology" (January 2002 to January 2024) were evaluated. Authorship position, institutional affiliation country, and journal name were extracted. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were performed to assess gender-based differences in publication characteristics through validated name-to-gender matching tools.
resultsA total of 130 621 publications comprising 885 343 author names were included, of which 21.7% were identified as women. The proportion of women authors increased significantly from 11.4% in 2002 to 26.3% in 2024 (p<0.001). Overall, the number of women in senior authorship positions (14.8%) remains lower than in first-authorship roles (21.6%). The lowest representation of overall women authors was from African institutions (15.3%), whereas the highest was from European institutions (27.3%). Women published less proportionally than men across all study designs, particularly in interventional research (18.5%) and case reports (17.2%). First and senior women authors had higher odds of publishing in predatory journals compared with non-predatory journals (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.24; AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28, respectively).
conclusionsDespite progress, substantial gender disparities persist in authorship in urology research, particularly in senior authorship roles. This global bibliometric analysis highlights the need to better understand the barriers that limit female representation in urologic publications.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.