Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Vitiligo: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Background: Vitamin D exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects and has been implicated in autoimmune skin disorders, yet its relationship with vitiligo severity and chronicity remains controversial. Objective: To investigate the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with vitiligo. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study and reviewed the medical records of vitiligo patients who detected serum 25(OH)D during outpatient visits at our hospital between January 2023 and December 2025. After the normality of distribution test, the correlation of serum 25(OH)D with age, onset age, disease duration, lesional body surface area (BSA)% and lesion count were assessed by Spearman correlation. We compared 25(OH)D values by sex and vitiligo subtype, with stratified analysis for meaningful results. Results: A total of 253 patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<20ng/mL) was 49.80%, with a median concentration serum 25(OH)D of 20.00 (15.00-24.00) ng/mL. It has been revealed that female patients performed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels ( Conclusion: Our results suggest that prolonged disease duration, rather than lesional BSA(%), was correlated with vitamin D insufficiency in patients with vitiligo, and this association was observed predominantly among female patients. Nevertheless, this finding requires further validation through carrying out a prospective multicenter study.