Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42899161›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

AICAR-induced energy supply and paracrine activity of endothelial cells accelerate chronic diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and modulating macrophage reprogramming.

Hengxian Su, Chang Liu, Yusheng Cheng, Wenping Cheng, Anqi Xu, Daoyuan Hu, Hongyu Shi, Mengshi Huang, Hao Yuan, Chi Huang and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hengxian SuNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Chang LiuDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, The Lingnan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Yusheng ChengDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Wenping ChengNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Anqi XuNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Daoyuan HuDepartment of Urology, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
Hongyu ShiNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Mengshi HuangNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Hao YuanNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Chi HuangNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Yaxian HuangNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Shixing SuNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Chuanzhi DuanNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
Xin FengNeurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology and Devices for Cerebrovascular Diseases under the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Institute for Brain Science and Intelligence, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic diabetic wound healing is severely hampered by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, defective angiogenesis, and a persistent inflammatory microenvironment, yet the crosstalk between EC energy metabolism and macrophage polarization in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we identified an AMPK-dependent metabolic pathway in ECs that orchestrated both angiogenic restoration and macrophage immune reprogramming for diabetic wound repair, and translated this mechanism into a functional three-dimensional (3D) scaffold (MEWs + GelMA@AI) fabricated by melt electrospinning writing technology. Acadesine (AICAR) efficiently induced a high-energy state in ECs by activating AMPK, preserving mitochondrial ultrastructure, enhancing respiratory-chain complex activity, and increasing VEGF expression and angiogenic potential. Notably, we discovered that AI-EXO, secreted by these metabolically activated ECs, delivered GAS6 to macrophages as a key paracrine factor, thereby triggering activation of the MER/AKT pathway and driving M1-to-M2 polarization. To our knowledge, this is the first report identifying exosomal GAS6 as a mediator of EC-macrophage crosstalk in diabetic wound healing. The MEWs + GelMA@AI scaffold, characterized by a porous structure and sustained AICAR release, exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and proangiogenic activity

Indexed as

AICARChronic diabetic woundExosomesHigh-energy stateMacrophage reprogrammingParacrine

Identifiers

PMID42899161
PMCPMC13679375

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.