ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
RNA therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis: a compartment-aware translational framework.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus/lupus nephritis (SLE/LN), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain major causes of chronic inflammation, disability, organ damage, and treatment burden despite therapeutic advances. RNA therapeutics offer programmable transcript suppression, network-level microRNA modulation, transient restoration of protective proteins, and targeting-ligand functions. Existing reviews largely catalogue modalities or individual delivery systems; this review instead asks whether a candidate forms an interpretable translational program across target biology, disease compartment, intended cell, productive intracellular access, direct target engagement, pathway pharmacodynamics, repeat-dose safety, and manufacturing feasibility. RA is primarily a synovial immune-stromal delivery problem in which RNA programs must also demonstrate an advantage over effective biologic or targeted synthetic therapies. SLE/LN offers interferon, B-cell, co-stimulatory, microRNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and complement opportunities, but therapeutic nucleic acids and carriers must not intensify nucleic-acid sensing, interferon activity, or complement-associated injury. SSc combines strong antifibrotic RNA biology with an accessible skin proof-of-mechanism window, whereas lung, vascular, and internal-organ programs remain more delivery-limited. We separate human pathway validation, RNA-platform evidence outside the target disease, disease-specific RNA evidence, and patient efficacy. Recent human complement-factor-B pharmacodynamic data strengthen the platform-level evidence but do not establish efficacy in RA or LN. The most informative early trials will therefore be biomarker-enriched and mechanism-rich, with prespecified criteria that distinguish target failure from delivery, dose, endotype, or safety failure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.