ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2026
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in chronic anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees: A systematic review of meniscal, cartilage, tibial translation and ligamentous changes.
Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature for time-dependent changes in knee anatomy and morphology on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronically deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knees. Methods: Four databases were searched from inception until 19 January 2025, for primary research studies (level of evidence: II-IV) reporting MRI findings in chronically (defined as >6 months) ACL-deficient patients. Data regarding time from injury to MRI, sample size, demographics (age, biological sex), comparison group, and MRI findings (meniscal tears, cartilage injuries, posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] angles, collateral injuries, anterior tibial subluxation) were abstracted; cohort studies with acute ACL tear groups were included for pooled comparison. Data were presented narratively and pooled for statistical analysis when possible. Results: From the 22 studies selected, 2863 patients were included, mean age was 27.9 years (range: 22.6-35.0, ±2.91 years), and 1957 were males (68.3%). A total of 1360 patients had chronically deficient ACL knees (>6 months from injury). The weighted mean time from injury to MRI was 27.2 months (range: 12.8-66.0 months, 11 studies). Compared to acute ACL-injured knees, chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD) patients had a higher rate of medial meniscus injuries (50.3% vs. 36.0%, Conclusions: This systematic review found a higher rate of medial meniscus injuries, medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau cartilage lesions, anterior medial tibial subluxation, PCL verticality and ALL and ACL attenuation in chronic ACL-deficient knees. Level of Evidence: Level II-IV, systematic review.
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