ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Folic Acid-Conjugated Albumin-Stabilized Gold-Terbium Nanoparticles for SPCCT/MRI Imaging: An in vitro Cellular and Phantom Study.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains challenging to image because of its biological heterogeneity and the limitations of single-modality imaging. Multifunctional nanoparticles may provide complementary contrast for spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) and MRI, potentially improving multimodal tumor imaging. Methods: Folic acid-conjugated, albumin-stabilized gold-terbium nanoparticles (BSA@Au/Tb-FA) were synthesized and characterized using TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and DLS. In vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility were evaluated using MDA-MB-231 cells using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. SPCCT and MRI performance were assessed in phantom models. Results: The BSA@Au/Tb-FA nanoparticles exhibited a spherical-like morphology, with a mean particle size of ~10.68 ± 1.69 nm (n = 55). Cell viability remained >80% up to 250 µg/mL, with an IC Conclusion: BSA@Au/Tb-FA exhibited favorable in vitro hemocompatibility and biocompatibility, with enhanced cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 and complementary enhanced SPCCT/MRI contrast under phantom conditions, supporting its potential as a bimodal imaging agent. However, because cellular evaluation was limited to MDA-MB-231 cells without a receptor-blocking study, the enhanced uptake should not be interpreted as confirmed folate-receptor-mediated targeting. Further preclinical and in vivo studies are required to establish targeting specificity, safety, and imaging performance.
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