ArticleJournal of pain research2026
Acupotomy Alleviates Pain and Attenuates Spinal Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Knee Osteoarthritis Rats: Implication of the CaMKII/GluA1 Axis.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the spinal mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of acupotomy on chronic pain and central sensitization in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Following MIA-induced KOA and a three-week acupotomy intervention in rats, pain behaviors and joint pathology were assessed. Spinal RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes. Key targets (CaMKII and GluA1) were validated at both mRNA and protein levels using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology were employed to evaluate the activation and excitability of spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons. Results: Acupotomy significantly alleviated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced joint degeneration in KOA rats. RNA-seq analysis revealed the modulation of 220 genes in the spinal cord. These DEGs were significantly enriched in calcium signaling and synaptic transmission pathways, highlighting Conclusion: Acupotomy intervention ameliorates peripheral joint degeneration and exerts significant analgesia in KOA, which is accompanied by a reduction in the intrinsic hyperexcitability of spinal SG neurons. Although direct causal validation utilizing targeted inhibitors is warranted, our findings suggest that this analgesic effect is closely associated with the downregulation of the CaMKII/GluA1 signaling axis, providing a plausible central mechanistic framework.
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