ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Diabetes Distress Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Roles of Perceived Social Support and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy in an Indonesian Outpatient Sample.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes distress represents a diabetes-specific emotional burden associated with the challenges of long-term diabetes management. Psychosocial factors, including perceived social support and diabetes management self-efficacy, may influence how individuals experience and adapt to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationships among these factors remain insufficiently characterized when diabetes distress is considered the primary outcome. This study aimed to examine the associations among perceived social support, diabetes management self-efficacy, and diabetes distress among adults with T2DM receiving outpatient care in Indonesia. Patients and Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 107 adults with physician-confirmed T2DM attending an internal medicine outpatient clinic in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using consecutive sampling. Perceived social support, diabetes management self-efficacy, and diabetes distress were assessed using the Indonesian versions of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale, and Diabetes Distress Scale. Associations among variables were examined using correlation analysis and regression-based path analysis with bootstrap estimation. Results: Participants had a mean age of 54.14 ± 10.82 years, and 76.6% were women. Overall, 26.2% of participants experienced moderate-to-high diabetes distress. Perceived social support was not significantly associated with diabetes management self-efficacy or diabetes distress. In contrast, diabetes management self-efficacy was negatively associated with diabetes distress and remained significant after adjustment for perceived social support and age. The indirect association between perceived social support and diabetes distress through diabetes management self-efficacy was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Among adults with T2DM receiving outpatient care, diabetes management self-efficacy was associated with lower diabetes distress, whereas generalized perceived social support was not significantly associated with diabetes distress or diabetes management self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of considering diabetes management self-efficacy as a psychosocial component of patient-centered diabetes care. Future studies should examine whether diabetes-specific support interventions may provide greater benefit than generalized social support for improving psychosocial outcomes among individuals with T2DM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.